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What is ASTM A213?
ASTM A213 (ASME SA213) is the standard specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler superheater and heat exchanger tubes used in high-temperature and high-pressure service. The specification defines the manufacturing process chemical composition mechanical properties heat treatment dimensions testing and inspection requirements for alloy steel and stainless steel tubes.
ASTM A213 covers both ferritic alloy steel grades such as T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 and T91 and austenitic stainless steel grades including TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347 and TP310S. These tubes are manufactured to provide excellent heat resistance corrosion resistance mechanical strength and long service life in demanding industrial environments.
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube are widely used in boilers superheaters heat exchangers condensers economizers power plants refineries petrochemical facilities chemical processing plants and other heat transfer systems. Kamal Steels supplies ASTM A213 tubes in a wide range of grades sizes wall thicknesses and lengths with Mill Test Certificates (EN 10204 3.1) third-party inspection and customized project requirements.
What is ASTM A213 T22 Material?
ASTM A213 T22 is a ferritic alloy steel grade specified for seamless boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes used in high-temperature service. T22 is a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel grade containing approximately 2.25% chromium and 1% molybdenum, providing good high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance and resistance to creep.
ASTM A213 T22 tubes are designed for applications where the material must maintain reliable mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The addition of chromium improves oxidation and corrosion resistance, while molybdenum contributes to higher strength and improved resistance to creep at elevated temperatures.
| Property | ASTM A213 T22 |
|---|---|
| Material Type | Ferritic Alloy Steel |
| ASTM Specification | ASTM A213 |
| Grade | T22 |
| UNS Number | K21590 |
| Primary Alloying Elements | Chromium and Molybdenum |
| Chromium Content | Approximately 2.25% |
| Molybdenum Content | Approximately 1.00% |
| High-Temperature Performance | Good strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures |
| Typical Applications | Boilers, superheaters and heat exchangers |
ASTM A213 T22 tubes are commonly used in power generation, petrochemical and industrial heat-transfer equipment where elevated-temperature strength and long-term service reliability are required. The material is supplied as seamless tubing in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A213, with heat treatment and testing performed as specified by the standard.
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube Specification
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Standard | ASTM A213 / ASME SA213 |
| Product Form | Seamless Tubes |
| Application | Boiler, Superheater & Heat Exchanger Tubes |
| Outside Diameter | 6.35 mm to 127 mm |
| Wall Thickness | 0.9 mm to 12.7 mm |
| Length | Random, Cut Length & Custom Length |
| Manufacturing | Seamless |
| Heat Treatment | As specified for applicable grade |
ASTM A213 Tube Grades
Common ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube Grades include TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP347 and TP310S.
| ASTM A213 Grade | Typical Application / Features |
|---|---|
| TP304 Tube | General-purpose stainless steel tube with good corrosion resistance. |
| TP304L Tube | Low-carbon grade offering improved weldability and resistance to intergranular corrosion. |
| TP316 Tube | Provides improved corrosion resistance, particularly in chloride-containing environments. |
| TP316L Tube | Low-carbon 316 grade commonly used for welded systems and corrosive service. |
| TP321 Tube | Titanium-stabilized grade suitable for elevated-temperature applications. |
| TP347 Tube | Niobium-stabilized grade designed for elevated-temperature service. |
| TP310S Tube | High-chromium, high-nickel grade used where elevated-temperature and oxidation resistance are important. |
ASTM A213 also covers ferritic and alloy steel grades, including grades such as T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 and T91. The grades listed above are commonly specified stainless steel grades under ASTM A213.
ASTM A213 TP304 vs TP316 Tubes
ASTM A213 TP304 and TP316 stainless steel tubes are widely used in heat exchangers, boilers, condensers and high-temperature service. While both grades offer excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, TP316 provides enhanced protection against chlorides and aggressive chemicals because of its molybdenum content.
| Feature | TP304 Tube | TP316 Tube |
|---|---|---|
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent for general industrial environments | Superior in chloride and marine environments |
| Molybdenum Content | Not Present | 2–3% improves pitting and crevice corrosion resistance |
| Heat Resistance | Excellent | Excellent |
| Best Applications | Heat exchangers, condensers, boilers, food processing | Chemical processing, marine, offshore, pharmaceutical industries |
| Cost | More economical | Higher due to molybdenum addition |
Choose TP304 when excellent corrosion resistance is required for general industrial applications at a lower cost.
Choose TP316 or TP316L when the tubes will operate in chloride-rich, marine, or aggressive chemical environments where additional corrosion resistance is essential.
Key Difference: ASTM A213 TP316 contains approximately 2–3% molybdenum, providing superior resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion compared to TP304, while TP316L offers lower carbon content for improved weldability.
Types of Tubes Covered by ASTM A213
| Tube Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiler Tubes | Designed for high-temperature and high-pressure boiler service. |
| Superheater Tubes | Used in superheaters operating under elevated steam temperatures and pressures. |
| Heat Exchanger Tubes | Engineered for efficient heat transfer in heat exchanger systems. |
| Condenser Tubes | Suitable for cooling, condensing and refrigeration applications. |
| High Temperature Tubes | Manufactured for demanding high-temperature service in industrial processes. |
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube Chemical Composition
The following table shows selected chemical composition values for commonly used ASTM A213 stainless steel tube grades. Refer to the applicable ASTM A213 grade requirements for the complete chemical composition.
The chemical composition of ASTM A213 stainless steel tubes varies by grade. Chromium provides corrosion resistance, while nickel improves toughness and oxidation resistance. Molybdenum, where present, enhances resistance to chloride-induced corrosion.
| Grade | Chromium (Cr) | Nickel (Ni) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Carbon (Max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP304 | 18.0–20.0% | 8.0–11.0% | — | 0.08% |
| TP304L | 18.0–20.0% | 8.0–12.0% | — | 0.03% |
| TP316 | 16.0–18.0% | 10.0–14.0% | 2.0–3.0% | 0.08% |
| TP316L | 16.0–18.0% | 10.0–14.0% | 2.0–3.0% | 0.03% |
| TP321 | 17.0–19.0% | 9.0–12.0% | — | 0.08% |
| TP347 | 17.0–19.0% | 9.0–13.0% | — | 0.08% |
| TP310S | 24.0–26.0% | 19.0–22.0% | — | 0.08% |
Note: The values shown are selected composition limits for the listed ASTM A213 stainless steel grades. Refer to the applicable ASTM A213 grade requirements for the complete chemical composition, including elements not shown in this table.
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of ASTM A213 tubes vary depending on the stainless steel grade. The table below shows the minimum tensile requirements for commonly used austenitic grades.
| Grade | Tensile Strength (Min) | Yield Strength (Min) | Elongation (Min) | Hardness (Max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP304 | 515 MPa | 205 MPa | 35% | 192 HB |
| TP304L | 485 MPa | 170 MPa | 35% | 192 HB |
| TP316 | 515 MPa | 205 MPa | 35% | 217 HB |
| TP316L | 485 MPa | 170 MPa | 35% | 217 HB |
| TP321 | 515 MPa | 205 MPa | 35% | 217 HB |
| TP347 | 515 MPa | 205 MPa | 35% | 201 HB |
| TP310S | 515 MPa | 205 MPa | 40% | 217 HB |
Note: Mechanical property values shown are minimum requirements for annealed ASTM A213 stainless steel tubes. Actual values may vary depending on tube size, manufacturing process and applicable material grade.
ASTM A213 Comparable Grades
| ASTM A213 Grade | UNS Number | Werkstoff No. |
|---|---|---|
| TP304 | S30400 | 1.4301 |
| TP304L | S30403 | 1.4307 / 1.4306 |
| TP316 | S31600 | 1.4401 |
| TP316L | S31603 | 1.4404 |
| TP321 | S32100 | 1.4541 |
| TP347 | S34700 | 1.4550 |
| TP310S | S31008 | 1.4845 |
ASTM A213 Stainless Steel Tube Size Chart
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Wall Thickness (WT) | Standard Length | Tube Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.35 mm (1/4") | 0.89 – 2.11 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 9.53 mm (3/8") | 0.89 – 2.11 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 12.70 mm (1/2") | 0.89 – 2.77 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 19.05 mm (3/4") | 1.24 – 3.05 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 25.40 mm (1") | 1.24 – 3.40 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 38.10 mm (1-1/2") | 1.65 – 3.68 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 50.80 mm (2") | 1.65 – 4.78 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 63.50 mm (2-1/2") | 2.11 – 4.78 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 76.20 mm (3") | 2.11 – 5.16 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
| 101.60 mm (4") | 2.77 – 6.35 mm | Up to 24 m / Cut Length | Seamless |
The dimensions shown are representative sizes. Actual outside diameter, wall thickness, tolerances and available lengths depend on the specified grade, tube size and applicable ASTM A213 requirements.
ASTM A213 Heat Treatment and Testing
ASTM A213 seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel tubes are manufactured under strict quality requirements to ensure reliable performance in high-temperature and high-pressure service. Depending on the material grade, tubes undergo appropriate heat treatment processes to achieve the specified mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructure required by the ASTM A213 specification.
| Process | Description |
|---|---|
| Heat Treatment | Solution annealing, normalizing, tempering, or stress relieving as specified for the applicable ASTM A213 grade. |
| Hydrostatic Test | Each tube is hydrostatically tested to verify pressure integrity unless an approved nondestructive test is specified. |
| Nondestructive Testing (NDT) | Eddy current, ultrasonic, or other approved nondestructive examinations may be performed as permitted by ASTM A213. |
| Mechanical Testing | Tensile, flattening, flaring, hardness and other mechanical tests are carried out as required by the specification. |
| Dimensional Inspection | Outside diameter, wall thickness, straightness, length and tolerances are verified to meet ASTM A213 requirements. |
| Material Certification | Mill Test Certificates (MTC) and EN 10204 3.1 documentation can be provided where specified by the order or project requirements. Third-party inspection can also be arranged where required. |
ASTM A213 Applications
ASTM A213 seamless alloy steel and stainless steel tubes are widely used in high-temperature, high-pressure and corrosive service environments. These tubes offer excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for demanding industrial applications.
| Industry | Typical Applications |
|---|---|
| Power Generation | Boilers, superheaters, reheaters and heat recovery steam generators (HRSG). |
| Petrochemical Industry | Process piping, heat exchangers, condensers and refinery equipment. |
| Chemical Processing | Pressure vessels, reactors and high-temperature process lines. |
| Oil & Gas | Heat exchangers, process tubing and offshore equipment. |
| Pharmaceutical Industry | Clean steam systems, process equipment and sanitary applications. |
| Food & Beverage | Heat transfer systems, processing plants and hygienic tubing. |
| Marine Industry | Heat exchangers, condensers and seawater handling systems. |
| Engineering & Manufacturing | Industrial furnaces, mechanical equipment and high-temperature machinery. |
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM A213 is used for seamless stainless steel and alloy steel boiler tubes, superheater tubes and heat exchanger tubes operating under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
ASTM A213 covers seamless boiler tubes, superheater tubes, heat exchanger tubes and condenser tubes manufactured from ferritic and austenitic alloy steels.
ASTM A213 is designed for high-temperature applications such as boilers and heat exchangers, whereas ASTM A269 is intended for general service, instrumentation and corrosion-resistant tubing applications.
Common ASTM A213 grades include TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321, TP310S and TP347 stainless steel tubes used across various industrial applications.
ASTM A213 tubes offer excellent heat transfer efficiency, corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, making them ideal for heat exchangers, condensers and thermal processing equipment.
ASTM A213 primarily covers seamless stainless steel and alloy steel tubes that provide superior strength, reliability and leak-free performance in critical applications.
ASTM A213 tubes are widely used in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical processing industries, fertilizer plants, marine applications and heat exchanger manufacturing.
ASTM A213 tubes are available in various outside diameters, wall thicknesses and lengths depending on application requirements, project specifications and industry standards.
Yes, ASTM A213 stainless steel tubes provide excellent resistance to corrosion, oxidation and scaling, especially in high-temperature and aggressive process environments.
Yes, Kamal Steels supplies ASTM A213 stainless steel tubes with Mill Test Certificates (MTC), EN 10204 3.1 certification and third-party inspection reports upon request.